Alternative Minimum Tax(AMT : 대체 최소세)
대체 최소 세금 (AMT)은 고소득 납세자가 특정 공제 및 다른 세금 우대 항목의 혜택을 받는 경우 최소한의 세금을 납부하도록 보장하기 위해 원래 제정되었습니다.
AMT 세금 계산은 소득과 비용의 정의, 소득 인식 및 시기 규칙, 면제, 세율 등의 고유한 정의를 가진 정규 세금 제도의 병렬 시스템입니다. 모든 납세자가 AMT 규칙을 따르지만, AMT 규칙에 따른 세금 계산이 정규 규칙에 따른 세금 계산보다 높은 경우에만 추가 세금을 납부하게 됩니다.
AMT는 원래 고소득 납세자를 대상으로 했지만, 인플레이션과 특정 세액 공제 처리 등의 요인으로 인해 저소득 납세자도 AMT 상황에 놓일 수 있습니다.
Alternative Minimum Tax
The alternative minimum tax (AMT) was originally enacted to ensure that high-income taxpayers pay at least a minimum amount of tax if they benefit from certain deductions
and other tax preference items.
The AMT tax computation is a parallel system to the regular tax system with its own definitions of income and expenses, rules for income recognition and timing, exemptions, and tax rates. Although every taxpayer is subject to
AMT rules, the additional tax is paid only if the tax computation under AMT rules is higher than the tax computed
under regular rules.
Even though the AMT was originally targeted toward
high-income taxpayers, factors, including inflation and
treatment of certain tax credits, can sometimes push lowerincome taxpayers into an AMT situation
How ATM Works
Certain items, called adjustments and preferences, are
added to or subtracted from federal adjusted gross income
reduced by any itemized deductions. An AMT exemption
amount is allowed, depending on the taxpayer’s filing status. The AMT tax rate of 26% to 28% is applied to the resulting alternative minimum taxable income. If the resulting tax is greater than regular tax, the difference is added to
regular tax on Form 1040.
Example
Example #1: When computed under regular rules, John’s income tax is $4,700. When computed under AMT rules, the tax
amount is $3,900. Since his tax computed under AMT rules is less
than his tax computed under regular rules, John will not pay any
additional amount for AMT
Example #2: Assume the same facts as Example #1, except when
computed under AMT rules, John’s tax amount is $5,100. Since
his tax computed under AMT rules is higher than his tax computed under regular rules, John must pay the difference in additional
tax. John must report additional AMT tax in the amount of $400.
ATM Triggers
Items that commonly trigger AMT include high gross income relative to taxable income and exercise of incentive
stock options. Other AMT adjustments and preferences include:
• Taxes from Schedule A (Form 1040).
• Tax refunds reported on Form 1040.
• Certain investment interest expense.
• Certain depletion expense.
• Net operating losses.
• Interest from specified private activity bonds.
• A portion of gain from section 1202 small business stock.
• Certain gains from dispositions of property.
• Certain depreciation adjustments.
• Passive activity gains and losses.
• AMT loss limitations.
• Certain circulation costs.
• Long-term contracts.
• Certain mining costs.
• Certain research and experimental costs.
• Pre-1987 installment sale income.
• Intangible drilling cost preferences.
